ABSTRACT The use of pre-emergent herbicides is important for the current agricultural production systems that present weeds resistant to herbicides. Considering the complexity of using these products, the objective of this work was to evaluate their selectivity and residual weed control in soybean crops and their effect on the weeds Amaranthus hybridus, Bidens pilosa, Digitaria insularis, Eleusine indica, and Euphorbia heterophylla. The herbicide selectivity experiments were conducted under field conditions in the 2017/18 and 2019/20 crop seasons and the herbicide efficacy experiments were conducted under greenhouse conditions. The herbicides s-metolachlor and flumioxazin can be applied on day of the soybean sowing without causing significant grain yield losses. Diclosulam and sulfentrazone are safe for soybean crops when applied at least 14 days before sowing. The herbicides used proved to be good options for weed management systems for soybean crops; flumioxazin and sulfentrazone were the herbicides that promoted the best control for all evaluated weed species and ensured a residual effect of at least 30 days.

Abstract Horizontal bone loss after tooth extraction is a common finding that demands bone reconstruction in various cases. The aim of this study was to assess the horizontal alveolar status in partially and completely edentulous patients using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). In total, 1516 CBCT scans of 1404 adult patients were analyzed. Assessment of the images was performed in accordance with the previously published horizontal alveolar change (HAC) classification, which categorizes horizontal bone defects into four classes: HAC 1, HAC 2, HAC 3 and HAC 4 (from the least severe to the most severe condition). Analysis of 1048 scans from partially edentulous patients presented a distribution of 63.55%, 22.14%, 13.36% and 0.95% in HAC 1, HAC 2, HAC 3 and HAC 4, respectively. Analysis of 468 scans from completely edentulous patient images presented a distribution of 19.87%, 28.63%, 41.67% and 9.83% in HAC 1, HAC 2, HAC 3 and HAC 4, respectively. Based on these results, as in HAC 4, no cancellous bone was found between the cortical buccal and lingual/palatal bone plates, it seems reasonable to state that the absence of cancellous bone is higher in completely edentulous patients than in partially edentulous patients. Therefore, the absence of cancellous bone seems to be higher in completely edentulous than in partially edentulous patients.

Resumo A adubação nitrogenada em cobertura é imprescindível para a produção de forragem, mas o elevado custo dos fertilizantes estimula a busca por novas tecnologias, como o uso de bactérias diazotróficas, que podem fixar o nitrogênio atmosférico. Para avaliar o potencial dessa tecnologia em suprir a quantidade de nitrogênio requerida pelo capim-xaraés em cobertura, as plantas foram adubadas em plantio com dose equivalente a 100 kg ha-1 de N e inoculadas com estirpes de bactérias diazotróficas e Azospirillum brasilense, e comparadas com plantas que receberam 100 kg ha-1 de N em plantio e em cobertura, durante dois períodos de crescimento da parte aérea (58 dias no primeiro período e 26 dias no segundo período), em vasos de 20 dm3. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste Scott-Knott a 5% de significância. A área foliar do capim-xaraés inoculado com a estirpe UN42 foi semelhante a das plantas que receberam adubação nitrogenada em cobertura. Todavia, a produção de massa do capim foi maior quando houve adubação nitrogenada em cobertura. A inoculação das plantas com Azospirillum brasilense e as estirpes UN16, UN17, UN21, UN33, UN49 e UN78 aumentou os teores de proteína bruta do capim-xaraés em relação à adubação nitrogenada em plantio sem inoculação. Porém, a inoculação do capim com as bactérias diazotróficas não substitui totalmente a adubação nitrogenada em cobertura.

Abstract: Nitrogen topdressing is essential for forage production, but the high cost of fertilizers stimulates the search for new technologies, such as the use of diazotrophic bacteria, which can fix the atmospheric nitrogen. To evaluate the potential of this technology in providing the amount of nitrogen requested by xaraés grass as topdressing, plants were fertilized at planting with an N rate of 100 kg ha-1, inoculated with strains of diazotrophic bacteria and Azospirillum brasilense, and compared with plants that received 100 kg ha-1 of N at planting and as topdressing during two periods of shoot growth (58 days in the first period and 26 days in the second period) in 20-dm3 pots. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and means compared by the Scott-Knott test at 5% significance. The leaf area of xaraés grass inoculated with strain UN42 was similar to that of plants that received nitrogen topdressing. However, grass biomass production was higher when nitrogen topdressing was applied. Plant inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense and strains UN16, UN17, UN21, UN33, UN49, and UN78 increased crude protein contents of xaraés grass when compared to nitrogen fertilization at planting without inoculation. However, grass inoculation with diazotrophic bacteria does not replace nitrogen topdressing completely.

RESUMO: Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a variabilidade espacial utilizando o método de krigagem indicativa na elaboração de mapas de probabilidade da ocorrência de atributos químicos do solo e produtividade. Os dados foram coletados em uma área de solo cultivados com soja no sistema de plantio direto com uma malha regular de amostragem de 60 x 60 m, totalizando 124 pontos. Em cada um destes foram coletadas amostras deformadas do solo para a determinação dos atributos químicos (pH, Potássio, Cálcio, Magnésio e Alumínio trocáveis, Fósforo disponível, Zinco, acidez potencial, matéria orgânica do solo, capacidade de troca catiônica e saturação por bases). Para a determinação da produtividade foram coletadas todas as plantas dentro de 1 m² do ponto amostral. Os dados foram categorizados em códigos binários em função dos valores apresentados na recomendação para o uso de corretivos e fertilizantes. Posteriormente, foi utilizada a análise geoestatística. Os atributos potássio, fósforo, magnésio e saturação por bases apresentaram dependência espacial e foram submetidos à krigagem, como a técnica de interpolação. Foram elaborados mapas de probabilidade de ocorrência dos atributos avaliados que apresentaram dependência espacial. Os mapas probabilísticos mostraram que a região central da área avaliada apresentou maior probabilidade de necessidade de correção para os teores dos atributos potássio, fósforo, magnésio e saturação por bases. A partir da análise dos mapas foi possível detectar áreas com deficiência de nutrientes e realizar correções e utilização de técnicas de manejo de forma localizada, minimizando o custo operacional e econômico dessa cultura.

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate the spatial variability using the indicative kriging method in preparing probability maps of the occurrence of soil chemical properties and productivity. Data were collected in a ground area planted with soybeans in a no-till system, with a regular grid sampling of 60 x 60 m, totaling 124 points. At each point were deformed soil samples collected to determine the chemical attributes (pH, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium and Aluminum exchangeable, available phosphorus, zinc, potential acidity, soil organic matter, cation exchange capacity and base saturation). To determine productivity were collected all the plants within 1 m² of the sample point. Data were categorized into binary codes on the amounts presented in the recommendation for the use of lime and fertilizer. Later it used the geostatistical analysis and attributes potassium, phosphorus, magnesium and base saturation that presented spatial dependence underwent kriging as interpolation technique. Occurrence probability maps were drawn of the evaluated attributes presented spatial dependence. The probabilistic maps showed that the central area evaluated was more likely to need correction to the levels of potassium attributes, phosphorus, magnesium and base saturation. From the analysis of the maps, you can detect nutrient deficient areas and making corrections and use of localized management techniques, minimizing operating costs and economic that culture.

Após um período de epidemias sequenciais pelos vírus dengue tipo 1 e 2 (DEN-1 e DEN-2), foi realizado um estudo soroepidemiológico em uma amostra de escolares da rede pública de ensino do município de Niterói; 450 amostras de sangue foram obtidas através de punção da polpa digital, coletadas sobre discos de papel de filtro e testadas para a detecção de anticorpos inibidores da hemaglutinação (1HA) para DEN-1 e DEN-2. Das amostras testadas, 66,0% (297/450) apresentaram títulos de anticorpos IHA e as médias geométricas dos títulos de anticorpos foram de 1/182 e 1/71, para DEN-1 e DEN-2, respectivamente. Cerca de 61,0% (181/297) daqueles com anticorpos IHA tiveram infecção secundária. Destes, 75% (135/181) tinham idade igual a ou menor do que 15 anos. Nenhum caso de dengue hemorrágico foi relato entre os participantes do estudo. Cerca de 56,0% dos casos com anticorpos IHA tiveram infecção assintomática ou oligossintomática. As freqüências absoluta e relativa das sorologias positivas por idade e sexo não evidenciaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas. Acredita-se que a barreira imumtária formada pelos individuos infectados pelo DEN-2 seja a responsável pela não ocorrência do dengue de forma epidêmica nos anos imediatamente posteriores ao presente estudo.

A seroepidemiologic survey was carried out in schoolchildren from public schools of the Niterói municipality, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, after a period of sequential epidemics by dengue virus type 1 and 2 (DEN-1 and DEN-2). 450 blood samples were obtained by fingertip puncture and collected on filter paper discs. The hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) test was carried out using DEN-1 and DEN-2 antigens. HAI titres were demonstrated in 66% (297/450) of the sera and the geometric means of the titres were 1/182 and 1/71 for DEN-1 and DEN-2, respectively. Secondary infections were observed in 61% (181/297) of positive cases. Among these, 75% (135/181) were under fifteen years old. No dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) was reported in these children. Asymptomatic or oligosymptomatic infections were detected in 56% of the studied population. The absolute and relative frequencies of positive tests by age group and sex did not evidence statistically significant difference. The number of individuals infected probably produced a immunologic barrier responsible for the non occurrence of dengue epidemic in the latter years.